Supreme Court decides case of California man charged $23,000 by county to build on his own land

George Sheetz twice lost in lower courts in his suit against El Dorado County

The Supreme Court on Friday unanimously ruled that fees governments issue — even those imposed by a legislature — must be based on actual adverse impacts.

In other words, building permit fees, for example, can’t cost more than any damage the public would face from development.

"Holding building permits hostage in exchange for excessive development fees is obviously extortion," said Paul Beard, the attorney who represented the plaintiff in the Supreme Court case. "We are thrilled that the Court agreed and put a stop to a blatant attempt to skirt the Fifth Amendment’s prohibition against taking private property without just compensation." 

In 2016, George Sheetz bought a vacant lot in El Dorado County, California, near Lake Tahoe. He planned to build a house for his retirement after working for 50 years in construction.

George Sheetz stands in front of his California home. Sheetz sued El Dorado County after the government made him pay a $23,000 "traffic impact mitigation" fee for a building permit. (Courtesy: Pacific Legal Foundation)

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But he was told he would have to pay "traffic impact mitigation" fee of over $23,000 to obtain a building permit. The county legislature created the fee a few years earlier to help pay for roadwork.

"That's when I started getting pissed off," Sheetz, who spent 50 years in construction and built several homes throughout his life, told Fox News in January. "I said, ‘this is ridiculous.’"

Sheetz paid the fee but immediately sued El Dorado County.

The local government argued that its traffic impact mitigation fee was needed to pay for road maintenance and was similar to fees that fund parks and police departments.

George Sheetz stands before the Supreme Court with his legal team. The California man's case was argued before the high court in January 2024. (Courtesy: Pacific Legal Foundation)

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Beard agreed that governments should be allowed to use taxpayer money to fund services. But he argued that El Dorado’s traffic impact mitigation fee was unconstitutional because the amount wasn’t tied to any actual estimated damage.

The lower courts sided with the county since the traffic impact mitigation fee was issued by the local legislature rather than the administrative branch. The Supreme Court rejected that position.

"In sum, there is no basis for affording property rights less protection in the hands of legislators than administrators," Justice Amy Coney Barrett wrote in her opinion. "The Takings Clause applies equally to both—which means that it prohibits legislatures and agencies alike from imposing unconstitutional conditions on land-use permits."

El Dorado County Deputy Chief Administrative Officer Carla Hass said the local government was "pleased" with the decision, noting that it "answers only a narrow question on which the parties already agreed."

George Sheetz drives on his property located near Lake Tahoe in El Dorado County, California. He purchased it intending to build a home to retire to. (Courtesy: Pacific Legal Foundation)

"It explicitly leaves open the County’s other strong defenses and casts no doubt on whether local governments can continue to impose reasonable permitting conditions (including impact fees) on new development under their traditional land-use authority, as the County has done here," Hass said in a statement. "The County looks forward to defending its program in any further litigation."

The case will return to the lower court. There, it will determine whether the fee is subject to the unconstitutional conditions doctrine, which requires government fees to be proportionate to adverse public impacts caused by development.