Gas boilers will be banned in just THREE YEARS: Boris Johnson orders ALL new homes to have electric heat pumps and hydrogen alternatives by 2023 in his Green Plan - but experts say he 'won't get anywhere near' his target on time

  • Gas boilers will be banned in all new-build homes by 2023 after target was brought forward from 2025
  • It is part of 'future homes standard' which will mean all new homes must have low-carbon alternatives
  • These alternatives include electric heat pumps, but only 30,000 are currently being installed each year
  • This will create major supply issues because the Government has an annual target of 300,000 new homes

Gas boilers will be banned in all new-build homes within just three years, it emerged today as experts said a target to install 600,000 heat pumps every year under Boris Johnson's ten-point green plan is unlikely to be met.

The ban on boilers comes two years earlier than had previously been planned and is part of the 'future homes standard' which will mean all new homes must have low-carbon alternatives, such as electric heat pumps.

On a day of confusion yesterday, the 2023 deadline was removed from an official document within an hour of the Government being contacted about it by the Times, with officials blaming its inclusion on a 'technical error'.

But a government source then confirmed the ban was still being brought forward from 2025, saying: 'It wasn't supposed to be in there. There hasn't been any stakeholder engagement on it yet but it's definitely the plan.'

Last year the Government proposed banning the sale of gas boilers from 2025, but admitted fears over supply issues with 30,000 heat pumps currently installed a year – but an annual target of 300,000 new homes. 

It comes as:

  • The Government admitted billions of pounds of new road taxes will be needed to make the switch to electric cars by 2030, when sales of new petrol and diesel cars will be banned;  
  • Fears were raised over the danger of hydrogen exploding if boilers are not installed correctly, because it is highly flammable;
  • Experts said the plan to ramp up Britain's reliance on hydrogen to heat homes faced 'may not be viable' if rolled-out across the country - amid concerns fossil fuel companies are 'overselling' the energy;
  • The proposal would see 25million gas boilers replaced with hydrogen or 'hydrogen-ready' boilers over the coming two decades - at a rate of 600,000 a year by 2028.

Experts say the heat pumps can cost up to £10,000 including installation, and subsidies to encourage eco-friendly behaviour will not be enough to get people to switch.

The problems with the PM's plan to end gas boilers in new builds

THE PLAN

What the PM wants: No more gas boilers in new builds from 2023, and 600,000 heat pumps installed a year

How much it will cost: £500million of taxpayers' cash on new hydrogen tech

 

THE PROBLEMS 

High costs of alternatives: A new gas-fired boiler costs about £1,500 with installation, compared to £19,000 for a ground source heat pump or £10,000 for an air source heat pump

Still in development: Hydrogen boilers are not even on the market yet, with Worcester Bosch making a prototype - and their cost is therefore unknown

Effect on house prices: Boilers are normally installed in new builds before people move in, meaning the cost would be factored into the house price

Safety concerns: Hydrogen is highly flammable and could cause an explosion if not installed correctly

Resistant to change: The public are 'poorly prepared for the costs and disruption' of replacing gas boilers, the Social Market Foundation said

Jim Watson, Professor of Energy Policy at University College London, said: 'I suspect we won't get anywhere near 600,000 heat pumps a year under current policies.

'It would make sense for the Government to bring in a ban on gas boilers for a certain year in the future, just as they have done for petrol and diesel cars.

'People might then be more likely to switch to them, and it could increase the small number of firms accredited to install heat pumps and scale up manufacture of the pumps.

'The Green Homes Grant should also be extended past March 2022 to encourage more low-income homes.' 

Only around 250,000 buildings in the UK currently have heat pumps, including commercial buildings, while around 22 million have gas central heating

The Green Homes Grant provides up to around £10,000 off the cost of a heat pump for low-income households, and up to £5,000 for richer ones.

Will hydrogen be dangerous in my home? If boilers are not installed correctly they could EXPLODE

Hydrogen boilers could be a staple of British homes by 2030 - but it would mean replacing 25million existing units

Hydrogen boilers could be a staple of British homes by 2030 - but it would mean replacing 25million existing units 

Hydrogen boilers would work in a similar way to their gas equivalents, according Boiler Guide.

They would be installed the same way and look similar, with connection to the gas network.Boiler Guide states: 'Only a handful of components, such as the flame detector and burner, would need to be replaced to suit hydrogen.'

An article on the website states production is 'not cheap,' and warns it can emit carbon.

There are also warnings about the volatile nature of hydrogen, which could result in explosions and leaks that are difficult to detect.

Boiler Guide states: 'Because of its high energy content, hydrogen gas is a highly flammable and volatile substance which makes it a risky fuel to work with. 

'Hydrogen is incredibly flammable which makes it a dangerous fuel if not handled correctly. There is also no smell to hydrogen so sensors are required to detect leaks.' 

But any outstanding cost, and the disruption of waiting a day or two for it to be installed, can be off-putting for people whose current system already works well.

The pumps, which look like air conditioning units on the outside of buildings, suck energy from the air and use it to heat a home, and are more efficient than fossil fuel technologies.

But in order to run efficiently, they operate at lower water temperatures, meaning families have to buy larger radiators to get the same warmth they got from a boiler.

Experts are concerned that people will not voluntarily dispose of their systems and backed bringing in a ban on gas boilers.

Dr Jan Rosenow, of clean energy think-tank the Regulatory Assistance Project, said: 'Just relying on relatively small Government subsidies won't get us to 600,000 heat pumps being installed a year.

'It won't persuade people who are perfectly happy with their energy supply to switch.

'But if people were no longer able to buy gas boilers, this would drive demand much more quickly, similarly to how electric cars will take off following the announcement of the petrol and diesel car ban from 2030.'

It comes as Boris Johnson's plan to ramp up Britain's reliance on hydrogen to heat homes faced concerns from experts who fear it 'may not be viable,' if rolled-out across the country - amid concerns fossil fuel companies are 'overselling' the energy. 

The Prime Minister announced a 10-point 'green industrial revolution, which he says will create 250,000 jobs and cut Britain's carbon emissions. 

One of the most ambitious elements of the proposal is a plan to produce five gigawatts of hydrogen by 2030 - even hoping to heat an entire town with the low-carbon fuel by the end of the decade.

The proposal would see 25million gas boilers replaced with hydrogen or 'hydrogen-ready,' boilers over the next 20 years - at a rate of 600,000 a year by 2028.

External pipeworks that deliver the hydrogen to homes and boilers will need to be changed, because hydrogen is a less dense gas - and it is often compressed and stored under high-pressure so it has sufficient energy content for processes. 

But academics have cast doubt over how effective hydrogen could be as a replacement, amid warnings that the Government could be getting 'carried away'.Dr Richard Lowes from the University of Essex warned: 'Getting to a sustainable heat system demands rapid and major interventions, it is a huge challenge and there is simply no time for delay.

How the move to net zero will change our homes 

Moves to cut emissions to net zero to tackle the climate crisis will transform every part of life by the 2030s, including how we live in our homes.

Some of the changes will not be that obvious: renewables such as offshore wind increasingly help power our homes, but we cannot tell that as we run our lights and appliances or charge gadgets.

Appliances and lights will be highly energy efficient and could even be "smart" - for example the freezer could be linked up to the grid so it can be told to power down briefly to help meet a surge in demand during a World Cup match.

Homes will have smart meters which can encourage people to use electricity when supplies are high, or could even do so automatically, for example to charge up electric cars.

Households with driveways and cars are likely to have a charge point on the outside of their house to power up their electric vehicle.

But it is in heating, keeping homes warm, and even cooking where householders will most obviously feel the shift to a zero carbon world.

Tackling climate change spells an end to the carbon polluting gas boilers that heat the majority of UK homes, as well as oil boilers which some off-grid homes currently use.

They are most likely to be replaced by heat pumps or district heat networks which pipe hot water in underground pipes to bring heat to homes from a central source, such as an energy from waste plant or even former mines.

Heat pumps are installed in individual houses and are powered by electricity, working a bit like a fridge in reverse to generate heat from the outside air, or sometimes the ground, to provide heating and hot water in the home.

Air source heat pumps look like an air conditioning unit on the outside of buildings, and may need bigger radiators or underfloor heating to work best.

They work more efficiently in buildings that are energy efficient and well-insulated - so there is a need for homes, including old, Victorian draughty properties, to be transformed to make them cosier.

There is also potential to replace gas boilers with hydrogen, or even a hybrid of hydrogen boilers and heat pumps, but they will need efficient homes too to reduce the demand for hydrogen which has to be manufactured.

So whatever type of house people live in and however it is heated, by the 2030s it will have to be much cosier than many are today, with double or triple glazing, draught proofing and high levels of loft and wall insulation.

This could include external wall insulation on the outside of properties, potentially changing the look of homes.

Just as we have to phase out gas for heating, we will also have to stop using it to cook, with gas hobs replaced by induction hobs.

And with climate change already having an impact on life in the UK, with more intense heatwaves and an increased risk of flooding, by the 2030s homes may increasingly be fitted with measures to protect against these risks.

They could range from tinted windows and trees planted outside to provide shade in hot conditions to removable air brick covers and treated wooden floors to prevent flooding and damage from flood water in at-risk areas.'We are in no doubt that decarbonising the heat sector will be extremely difficult but it is possible using known technologies. The idea that the gas grid can simply be switched to run on hydrogen remains deeply uncertain from both a cost and technical perspective.

Dr Lowes warned the Government should expect that 'low carbon gas, including hydrogen, may not prove viable at scale'. 

Speaking to the FT this week, he warned against getting 'carried away,' over hydrogen's possibilities. 

The Unversity of Exeter warned companies 'with existing interests around fossil fuel heat were overselling the idea of converting the UK's existing gas infrastructure to run on low carbon gases such as hydrogen.'

In September David Cebon, a professor of engineering at Cambridge University, told The Times: 'Much scientific evidence shows that widespread adoption of hydrogen (instead of electricity) for heating and heavy vehicles would be detrimental to the UK's economy, its energy security and its decarbonisation commitments.'

Natural gas heats the vast majority of UK homes, but contributes around a fifth of the country's carbon emissions. 

There is potential to replace gas boilers with hydrogen, or even a hybrid of hydrogen boilers and heat pumps, but they will need energy efficient homes to reduce the demand for hydrogen which has to be manufactured.

Experts online have also warned that heating engineers would need to be retrained in order to handle hydrogen boilers and test them safely.

Tim Harwood, who is in charge of hydrogen projects at Northern Gas Networks, which owns local gas grids in north-east England, told the Financial Times much of the possible disruption caused would depend on how many hydrogen-ready boilers have been installed in homes when the switch comes. 

He said if the government would mandate these types of boilers in homes, 'they are easily convertible to hydrogen when the time comes by just simply changing a few small parts and probably half an hour disruption'.  

Citizens Advice has also warned new meters will have to be made when the change comes, to ensure people are billed correctly.

Billing methodology will also need to change to reflect the energy used in a home, rather than the volume of gas delivered.

Another alternative to gas boilers is heat pumps or district heat networks which can pipe hot water in underground pipes to bring heat to homes from a central source, such as an energy from waste plant or even former mines.

Heat pumps are installed in individual houses and are powered by electricity, working a bit like a fridge in reverse to generate heat from the outside air, or sometimes the ground, to provide heating and hot water in the home.

Greenpeace UK is not fully behind the idea of converting heating systems to hydrogen either.

The environmental group's head of politics Rebecca Newsom said today's announcement marked a 'turning point on climate action,' but warned: 'It's a shame the Prime Minister remains fixated on other speculative solutions, such as nuclear and hydrogen from fossil fuels, that will not be taking us to zero emissions anytime soon, if ever.

'But although there are some significant question marks and gaps, overall this is a big step forward for tackling the climate emergency.'

Making his announcement today, Mr Johnson said: 'Although this year has taken a very different path to the one we expected, I haven't lost sight of our ambitious plans to level up across the country.

'My ten-point plan will create, support and protect hundreds of thousands of green jobs, whilst making strides towards net zero by 2050.

'Our green industrial revolution will be powered by the wind turbines of Scotland and the North East, propelled by the electric vehicles made in the Midlands and advanced by the latest technologies developed in Wales, so we can look ahead to a more prosperous, greener future.'

 

Plan vs Reality: How Boris's 10-point 'green industrial revolution' push will take decades to deliver

A graphic outlining the ten different areas of Boris Johnson's 10-point environmental plan which was announced earlier today

A graphic outlining the ten different areas of Boris Johnson's 10-point environmental plan which was announced earlier today

ELECTRIC VEHICLES 

PM'S PLAN: Boris Johnson has vowed to 'ban new sales of petrol and diesel cars by 2030' . He announced £2.8billion in funding as part of his ten-point green plan, including £1.3billon on the rollout of electric car charging points.

REALITYThe 2030 target is viewed by the industry as 'incredibly ambitious' with car companies facing an uphill battle to meet demand on time - and the UK charging network needing to be increased to 20 times the size it is today.

The AA says the 2030 target is 'incredibly ambitious', with the three major concerns around electric cars for drivers being the initial cost of the car and availability, perceived single-charge range anxiety and charging infrastructure. 

Only three years ago, Theresa May's government said the ban would be implemented in 2040 - two decades from now - but Boris Johnson has brought forward the target by ten years.

The Society of Motor Manufacturers & Traders says this is now an 'immense challenge' for car makers who have just over nine years to switch from a century of producing vehicles with combustion engines to ones with electric motors. 

It has also raised questions over how many people can afford - or want - to buy electric cars. Pure battery-electric new cars held only a 5.5 per cent share of the new car market in the first ten months of the year. 

Electric vehicles are generally more expensive than conventionally-fuelled models, largely due to the cost of the battery. Many drivers fear being unable to access a charging point mid-journey. 

RAC Foundation director Steve Gooding said setting a date is 'the easy part'. He went on: 'What happens in the lead up to this cliff edge? And how do we create a genuinely affordable mass market in electric cars between now and 2030?'

Currently, less than 1 per cent of the UK's 33 million cars are plug-ins. Meanwhile experts have also warned the charging point network would have to grow by up to 20 times the level it is now.

More than 1,200 charging devices for public use were installed in the UK between July and September, recent Department for Transport (DfT) analysis shows. That meant 19,487 devices were available on September 30.

This is up 7 per cent from three months earlier. But Jim Holder, editorial director of What Car?, suggests the number of devices needs to be 10 or even 20 times higher than it is now to cope with the increased demand.

Prices of petrol and diesel models may remain stable for the next few years as many people still use traditionally-fuelled cars even after the sale of new ones is banned, but the cost could drop in the years to come as people switch to electric.

OFFSHORE WIND

PM'S PLAN: Installing thousands of offshore turbines to produce enough energy to power every home by 2030, based on current electricity usag. Boris Johnson is also boosting the government's previous 30GW target to 40GW.

REALITY: The wind farm push will cost private firms £48billion in investment over the next decade and require one turbine to be built every weekday within that period - almost doubling the number currently being constructed.

Up to £48billion of investment through the private sector is said to be needed to quadruple capacity to the Prime Minister's target of 40 gigawatts (GW) by 2030.

The cost of offshore wind has come down dramatically over the past ten years, with government contracts down from £150 per megawatt hour to just £40. In comparison, the cost of the Hinkley Point C nuclear contract was £92.50 per MW/hour, while the next new build Sizewell C is expected to be about £60 per MWh.

The UK currently has a capacity of 10GW, up from 1GW in 2010, with a further 10GW already committed to be built before 2027 following government auctions. An extra 20GW is therefore needed to get to 40GW, requiring a massive ramp-up of the supply chain to hit the target in the new environmental plan. 

The further 20GW will be allocated in a government auction planned for late 2021, but the projects wouldn't get decisions on investments from companies involved until 2022. The workforce would then be mobilised by 2023, with the project finished by 2025 or longer - creating a four to five year time span between allocation and completion. 

The 40GW figure can only be achieved by building 2,600 turbines producing 12MW each – the equivalent of building one each weekday throughout this decade.

Given the time lag after awarding contracts, the construction target is 200 turbines per year in the early part of decade, but 300 per year by the late part of the 2020s. This will be a dramatic increase from the 100 to 200 turbines per year which have been built in recent years.

Oxford-based consultancy Aurora has carried out research on the cost implications of the Government's drive for wind farms and believes it could reduce energy bills. 

Asked about the cost to consumers, a spokesman told MailOnline today: 'To give a simple answer, I would say it would be roughly the same or slightly less than not doing this, and the reason for that is the cost of offshore wind has come down so dramatically to enable that.'

HYDROGEN

PM'S PLAN: Working with industry to generate five gigawatts of the low carbon fuel by 2030. Boris Johnson wants to ramp up production with the hope of heating an entire town with the low-carbon fuel by the end of the decade

REALITY: Households will need to replace 25million gas boilers over the next 20 years and the switch will also see huge amounts of refurbishments required to make homes more energy efficient, such as double or triple glazing all windows.

There is potential to replace gas boilers with hydrogen, or even a hybrid of hydrogen boilers and heat pumps, but they will need energy efficient homes to reduce the demand for hydrogen which has to be manufactured.

Tim Harwood, who is in charge of hydrogen projects at Northern Gas Networks, which owns local gas grids in north-east England, told the Financial Times that much of the possible disruption caused would depend on hydrogen-ready boilers. 

He said if the government would mandate these types of boilers in homes, 'they are easily convertible to hydrogen when the time comes by just simply changing a few small parts and probably half an hour disruption'. 

Households will need to replace 25million gas boilers over the next 20 years – and they will have to be replaced at a rate of 600,000 a year by 2028, representing a huge challenge 

External pipeworks that delivers the hydrogen to homes and boilers will need to be changed, because hydrogen is a less dense gas - and it is often compressed and stored under high-pressure so it has sufficient energy content for processes.

The Citizens Advice charity said new meters will also need to be made to ensure people are billed correctly, and billing methodology will also need to change to reflect the energy used in a home, rather than the volume of gas delivered.

Another alternative to gas boilers is heat pumps or district heat networks which can pipe hot water in underground pipes to bring heat to homes from a central source, such as an energy from waste plant or even former mines.

Heat pumps are installed in individual houses and are powered by electricity, working a bit like a fridge in reverse to generate heat from the outside air, or sometimes the ground, to provide heating and hot water in the home.  

NUCLEAR 

PM'S PLAN: Investing in new technology to develop mini-reactors. Decision still pending on major new power stations like Sizewell C in Suffolk. The Government has pledged £525million to develop large and small-scale nuclear plants.

REALITYUnions say they are disappointed there was no specific reference to give the go-ahead to the development of Sizewell C, with the £525million pledge said to be a 'drop in the ocean' compared to the cost of the Suffolk site.

One of the major rows brewing following the release of the Government's ten-point environmental plan was a lack of any guidance on whether the new nuclear power station Sizewell C will be going ahead in Suffolk.

Humphrey Cadoux-Hudson, the plant's managing director, said Sizewell C was the only large-scale nuclear project ready to begin construction, delivering the always-on low-carbon power Britain needs.

But Alison Downes of Stop Sizewell C said: 'Despite heavy briefing by EDF and the nuclear industry, the Prime Minister's 10 Point Plan has given no green light to Sizewell C, nor any suggestion on how it might be funded. The pledge of £525million to be split between large, small and advanced reactors is a drop in the ocean compared to the £20billion cost of Sizewell C.'

The Unite union also said it was disappointed there was no specific reference to give the go-ahead to the development of Sizewell C. Assistant general secretary Gail Cartmail said: 'We welcome the commitment to nuclear as an important low-carbon element of the energy mix, but we also need meat on the bones as to how these projects are to be financed and brought forward to completion.'

Sue Ferns, deputy general secretary of the Prospect union, said: 'The Government's commitment to a green economy is welcome but this plan is not yet the green jobs revolution we need. All of the points in the plan are sensible, especially those on renewables, hydrogen and nuclear, but they will quickly need both detail and funding to make them into a reality.

'In particular the commitment to new nuclear is important but we still need a clear commitment to building Sizewell C and a whole generation of new plants.'

A spokesman for the Sizewell C Consortium, a group of around 150 companies, unions and other organisations backing the project, said: 'Sizewell C is the only large-scale nuclear project that is ready to start and it will provide jobs and apprenticeships during this parliament.

'It will boost the economic recovery and over the lifetime of the project will create tens of thousands of jobs in the UK industrial heartlands. We urge the Government to commit to Sizewell C.' 

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

PM'S PLAN: Approving plans for a £5billion investment in buses, cycling and walking – with new cycle lanes set to benefit from a share of a £2billion fund. Plans for thousands of green buses are also included.

REALITY: Cycle lanes have proven to be hugely controversial during the Covid-19 crisis, causing major traffic delays - so this new policy will cause fury among motorists who already feel the Government is ignoring them

The Government is planning hundreds of miles of new cycle lanes as part of its new plan, which will anger critics of the schemes which have been implemented across the UK to encourage people onto two wheels during the pandemic.

Under the Department for Transport's 'active travel' scheme, councils have already been granted £42million in taxpayer money to turn over vast sections of road to pedestrians and bikes, and in some cases, to close them off altogether.

Rather than improving local areas, opponents say the schemes - which are part of the £2billion plan - have worsened gridlock and pollution, caused delays for 999 services and hurt firms which rely on trade from passing traffic.

The Alliance of British Drivers has already accused the Conservatives of waging war on motorists, but the Government has cited survey evidence suggesting eight out of ten people support measures to reduce traffic in their area. 

JET ZERO

PM'S PLAN: Supporting the development of the world's first commercial zero carbon plane. Boris Johnson added that 'we will do the same with ships', and pointed out that it is a century since the first nonstop transatlantic flight

REALITYThe zero carbon plane is still only a concept, with the most advanced designs produced by Airbus which are still 15 years away from entering service if everything goes to plan - and won't even be able to travel across the Atlantic

Boris Johnson's announcement on planes comes two months after Airbus revealed a fleet of zero emissions aircraft which are primarily powered by hydrogen fuel and are carbon neutral.

Airbus claims the three hydrogen-hybrid concepts will be the world's first zero-emission commercial aircraft. The planes are called the turbofan, turboprop and the blended-wing body and are earmarked to enter service by 2035, Airbus says.

However, one major drawback of the turbofan is that it will not be able to travel across the Atlantic. The plane will have a capacity of 200 passengers and, according to Airbus, be able to travel 2,300 miles without the need for refuelling.

The turboprop is designed for short-haul trips and runs on propellers. The propeller-driven machine will have half the capacity of its bigger brother, the turbofan., with room for 100 people and a maximum journey of around 1,150 miles.

EasyJet and Airbus launched a joint research project last year to consider hybrid and electric aircraft as a way of reducing the environmental impact of aviation, but the airline industry has been devastated this year by the coronavirus pandemic.

HOMES AND BUILDINGS 

PM'S PLAN: Making homes, schools and hospitals greener and warmer, with improved insulation and heat pumps phased in to replace conventional boilers.

REALITY: The change towards heat pumps and even hydrogen boilers will require some significant improvements in insulation for homes, with double or triple glazing, draught proofing and high levels of loft and wall insulation.

Tackling climate change will spell an end to the carbon polluting gas boilers that heat the majority of UK homes, as well as oil boilers which some off-grid homes currently use, but will require some serious improvements in insulation.

They are most likely to be replaced by heat pumps or district heat networks which pipe hot water in underground pipes to bring heat to homes from a central source, such as an energy from waste plant or even former mines.

Heat pumps are installed in individual houses and are powered by electricity, working a bit like a fridge in reverse to generate heat from the outside air, or sometimes the ground, to provide heating and hot water in the home.

Air source heat pumps look like an air conditioning unit on the outside of buildings, and may need bigger radiators or underfloor heating to work best. They work more efficiently in buildings that are energy efficient and well-insulated - so there is a need for homes, including old, Victorian draughty properties, to be transformed to make them cosier.

There is also potential to replace gas boilers with hydrogen, or even a hybrid of hydrogen boilers and heat pumps, but they will need efficient homes too to reduce the demand for hydrogen which has to be manufactured.

So whatever type of house people live in and however it is heated, by the 2030s it will have to be much cosier than many are today, with double or triple glazing, draught proofing and high levels of loft and wall insulation.

This could include external wall insulation on the outside of properties, potentially changing the look of homes. Just as we have to phase out gas for heating, we will also have to stop using it to cook, with gas hobs replaced by induction hobs.

And with climate change already having an impact on life in the UK, with more intense heatwaves and an increased risk of flooding, by the 2030s homes may increasingly be fitted with measures to protect against these risks.

They could range from tinted windows and trees planted outside to provide shade in hot conditions to removable air brick covers and treated wooden floors to prevent flooding and damage from flood water in at-risk areas.

CARBON CAPTURE 

PM'S PLAN: Becoming a world-leader in technology to capture and store harmful emissions. The Government says these developments will be backed by £1bn of government investment for clusters across the North, Wales and Scotland.

REALITY: The main carbon capture association admits there is an 'incredible amount of work that is needed', and the technology is so costly and new that multiple companies are having to work together to build the systems

One of the major problems with carbon capture systems is the technology are so expensive and modern that companies are having to work together to build them.

Among the four hubs being given part of the £200million is Net Zero Teeside, which is a joint effort by oil companies including BP, ENI, Equinor, Shell and Total, with BP leading.

The ambitious idea is to capture carbon dioxide, compress it, and pipe it into the North Sea to be injected into spent oil reservoirs, which would effectively trap it.

But there will be concerns that the number of companies having to work together on a single project could lead to clashes, potentially delaying attempts to reach Government targets.

The Carbon Capture and Storage Association, the trade body for the sector in the UK, has admitted 'there is an incredible amount of work that is needed to enable these targets to be reached'.

NATURE

PM'S PLAN: Protecting and restoring the natural environment, including planting 75,000 acres of trees every year. The Government also wants to rewild 30,000 football pitches worth of countryside.

REALITY

Green MP Caroline Lucas has said that Boris Johnson's environmental strategy 'fails to rise to the gravity of this moment'.

She told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: 'When you put it the context of the scale of the climate and nature emergencies face, and indeed the scale of job emergencies we face, then it's nowhere near ambitious enough.

'It's not urgent enough, it's not bold enough - it completely fails to rise to the gravity of this moment.' She said the scale of new investment is only a 'fraction' of what is needed and the strategy is 'inconsistent' over its protection of nature.

'There are individual aspects to welcome but, as a whole, it doesn't add up to the kind of ambitious strategy that we need,' she said.

INNOVATION & FINANCE

PM'S PLANDeveloping new green technology and making the City the global centre of green finance. The Government says this will be through its sovereign bond, carbon offset markets and disclosure requirements.

REALITYThe starting position has been made harder with London now lagging behind, having lost its crown as global green finance leader to Amsterdam and Zurich last month

The Government has set out its plans to make the City of London the global centre of green finance, but it faces an uphill battle after the capital lost its crown as global green finance leader.

The latest Global Green Finance Index released by the Z/Yen think tank said London had slipped behind Amsterdam and Zurich last month, having been at the helm for two years.

The index ranked 74 financial centres across the world for their public, private and non-profit investment in sustainable development projects, according to City AM.

Over the past three years, the amount raised in green bonds on the London Stock Exchange has almost tripled, from £8billion in 2017 to £22.4billion this year.

But London has fallen behind Amsterdam and Zurich for green finance depth and quality, which looks at the extent of green finance markets and the quality of products that can be traded there.

 

STEPHEN GLOVER: It's a noble goal, but why IS Boris Johnson launching a grand green plan in the midst of a crisis?

Most people's stress levels are pretty high at the moment. Some are worried about catching Covid-19. Others fear for their jobs. The uncertainties of Brexit are hovering over us.

We don't even know for sure whether we will be able to celebrate Christmas this year, though last night there were indications that households may be able to mix.

Whatever happens, these are gloomy times. Is this really the right moment for Boris Johnson to pop up with a revolutionary ten-point green plan, the most striking aspect of which is that the sales of new petrol and diesel cars will be banned from 2030, ten years earlier than previously planned?

I'm sure environmental campaigners will be pleased, and I've no doubt Boris wants to give the impression that even in the midst of this dreadful pandemic his 'big-picture' mind is whirling away as he contemplates the future.

Britain's main opposition Labour Party leader Keir Starmer (centre) speaking as Prime Minister Boris Johnson takes part in PMQs remotely via a Zoom video call, November 18

Britain's main opposition Labour Party leader Keir Starmer (centre) speaking as Prime Minister Boris Johnson takes part in PMQs remotely via a Zoom video call, November 18

Burdens

Maybe we should be grateful someone is peering over the horizon, but I'm afraid my main feeling is that this ill‑timed announcement hasn't been properly thought through, and is probably not deliverable.

And I say this as someone who, like most people, would be delighted if Britain were a cleaner and less polluted land — so long as that highly desirable outcome can be achieved without impoverishing the country and placing intolerable burdens on already hard-pressed people.

Why is it suddenly deemed practical to ban new petrol and diesel cars in 2030? If the regulations apply from the beginning of that year, that leaves only nine years and one month to bring about an enormous transformation.

Admittedly electric vehicles are being bought in larger numbers, but they account for less than 1 per cent of all cars on Britain's roads. This is hardly surprising since they are significantly more expensive (though cheaper to run) than petrol and diesel vehicles, and can manage a much more limited distance on a single charge.

Unless you are fortunate enough to have off-road parking, it will be difficult to charge an electric car at home. Many people will be dependent on charging points on the road — of which there are precious few at the moment.

An electric car charges on a street recharging port in London, Wednesday, November 18, Britain says it will ban the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars by 2030

An electric car charges on a street recharging port in London, Wednesday, November 18, Britain says it will ban the sale of new gasoline and diesel cars by 2030

It's true the Government has promised to spend £1.3 billion on new charging points, though whether this amount of money will provide enough of them in the right places by 2030 is anyone's guess.

I also expect that over the next decade electric cars could become cheaper as manufacturing volumes increase, and the mileage from a single charge may gradually expand.

The fact remains that, as things stand, electric cars are far from ideal. They are a work in progress, and many people in 2030 will probably find them less convenient and more expensive than what the environmental lobby derides as 'fossil fuel' vehicles.

Nor is the Government likely to have the funds to provide subsidies for the purchase of electric cars, as happens in wealthy Norway. On the contrary, because it stands to lose billions of pounds in fuel duty, it may well charge drivers to use roads whose construction the taxpayer has already paid for. The less well-off could be penalised.

Am I being a misery guts? Maybe a tiny bit. I just think that the arbitrary change of dates from 2040 to 2030 when there is no infrastructure in place, and the shortcomings of electric cars remain unresolved, smacks of ivory-tower thinking.

Similarly unrealistic is the plan to install 600,000 heat pumps a year by 2028 even though they are several times more expensive than the boilers they are meant to replace, and only 30,000 were fitted last year.

With the exception of Norway (overflowing with money, ironically enough produced by North Sea oil), other countries are not demanding such imminent sacrifices from their citizens.

Britain's Speaker of the House of Commons, Sir Lindsay Hoyle (left) and Prime Minister Boris Johnson on a screen (right) as he takes part virtually in the Prime Minister's Questions

Britain's Speaker of the House of Commons, Sir Lindsay Hoyle (left) and Prime Minister Boris Johnson on a screen (right) as he takes part virtually in the Prime Minister's Questions

Many of these countries account for far greater greenhouse gas emissions than the UK, which is responsible for a minuscule 1.2 per cent of the global total. The Government can't single-handedly save the world, but it can single-handedly disadvantage the British people and undermine the economy.

It would be silly to deny there are some bright features in the green plan. Since the cost of wind energy is coming down, it makes sense to build more turbines — so long as they are offshore and don't blight the countryside.

Wind, however, doesn't blow all the time, and so alternative sources of energy are needed. One clever scheme is investing to develop small nuclear reactors, which might produce electricity more cheaply than the kind of massive nuclear power station being constructed at Hinckley Point.

Nor would anyone quarrel with the proposal to plant almost 75,000 acres with trees every year (unless they are ugly conifers) or with the notion of improving insulation in schools and hospitals.

Trouble

So, yes, there are some good ideas here, though some of them, such as more offshore wind turbines, have already been announced. The question is whether the Government can deliver.

The PM is a big ideas man. No doubt influenced by his fiancee Carrie Symonds, an ardent environmentalist, he grows greener by the day. But will he be able to fulfil these ambitious, and largely uncosted, plans? There is an issue of practicality.

As Mayor of London, Boris Johnson championed cycle lanes. Fair enough. The trouble is that (as with his Labour successor, Sadiq Khan, who enthusiastically seized this particular baton from him) they seem to have been deliberately created to punish drivers, whose main pastime as they are stuck in horrendous queues is to contemplate empty cycle lanes.

Johnson, who battled a coronavirus infection earlier this year, is self-isolating after having been exposed to the coronavirus again

Johnson, who battled a coronavirus infection earlier this year, is self-isolating after having been exposed to the coronavirus again

Ministers have already committed £2 billion for cycling and walking, and (another example of re-circulating previously announced news) cycle lanes are part of Boris's plan. But must they always be constructed so as to cause maximum aggravation to drivers?

Then there is the wider question of the PM's ability to deliver a revolutionary plan that would challenge the most capable of governments (not that we have had many of those in recent memory).

Damning

Throughout the pandemic, the Government has hardly established a reputation for managerial competence. On Tuesday, the National Audit Office produced a damning report citing the Government's cronyism and ineptitude as it splashed out £18 billion sourcing PPE and other equipment.

The desire 'to create and support up to 250,000 British jobs' through the ten-point green plan is obviously worthy, but it depends on identifying the right entrepreneurial companies and ensuring that public money entrusted to them is not misspent. Governments are generally poor at spotting winners.

My fear about this grand plan — though I repeat there are good things in it — is that it has not been properly considered, and takes little account of the practical realities of people's everyday lives.

Most of us would happily drive an electric car if it were just as effective and no more expensive. We would cheerfully exchange a boiler for a heat pump if we were sure we wouldn't be out of pocket after a Government subsidy.

But Boris Johnson is asking us — or is he compelling us? — to join him on a journey without maps in which we could all get lost. And, strangest of all, he is doing so at this grimmest of moments when we have more far more pressing matters on our minds.

2 comments:

  1. All this total nonsense to solve a problem that does not exist.
    As soon as the real cot is calculated all these new technologies will be rejected for something else.
    The real motive is that we are a consumer economy, and when there are no more consumers they have to be created.
    There is no conceivable reason why industry cannot make a petrol car that gives 150 miles per gallon and lasts for 1 million miles.
    A person can buy one at age 20 and it would last him to age 90.
    Same with adaptable housing, add and remove modules as required.
    The environmental cost of renewable energy is-will be higher than any other once all factors are included. Nuclear energy only works when you ignore the final close-down clean-up costs.

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