Scientists at war with ministers over Covid: Experts call for public inquiry into government's 'failures' and warn 'many more will die' because second wave now 'seems probable' this winter

• Nearly 30 leading experts have demanded public inquiry into shortcomings 
• Second wave will be more deadly if minsters don't address them, they warn 
• Sent letter to PM in another sign of growing gulf between ministers and experts

Nearly 30 leading experts have demanded Boris Johnson launches a public inquiry to prepare Britain for a second wave of coronavirus, in another sign of a growing gulf between ministers and scientists. 

The group of 27 said a second epidemic was 'probable' this winter and warned it would be more deadly than the first if the Government doesn't address its failures from the previous outbreak.

They have laid out a series of glaring shortcomings which they say have contributed to the UK suffering more than 40,000 Covid-19 deaths, the highest in Europe. 

It comes as another sign of a growing friction between minsiters and scientists after Matt Hancock led the Downing Street press conference alone - without being flancked by a SAGE member.

In a scathing letter published last night, the signatories criticise the Government's control freakery approach to testing and unwillingness to devolve responsibility to local public health bodies.

They also ripped into ministers for their 'inability to plan for necessary goods' such personal protective equipment (PPE) for NHS and care home workers. 

Among the signatories are ex SAGE scientist, Professor Deenan Pillay, a virologist at University College London, and Professor Anthony Costello, a former World Health Organization (WHO) director and a global health expert at UCL.

The editors of two prestigious medical journals have also put their name to the letter – Richard Horton of the Lancet and Fiona Godlee of the British Medical Journal.

It is the latest sign of brewing tensions between ministers and the country's top scientists.

Last week, four experts on the Government's Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) said the decision to ease lockdown in England would risk people's lives. 

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Scientists at war with ministers over Covi: 27 leading experts have demanded Boris Johnson launches a public inquiry to prepare Britain for a second wave of coronavirus

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Last night Health Secretary took Downing Street's daily press conference without any of Number 10's scientific advisers for the first time - in another sign of the frayed relationship

In the new letter – published in the Guardian– the 27 experts said it 'seem probable' there will be a second wave in winter.

They continued: 'Many more will die unless we find quick, practical solutions to some of the structural problems that have made implementing an effective response so difficult.

'These include the fragmentation, in England, of the NHS, public health and social care; the failure of those in Westminster to engage with local government and devolved nations; the channels by which scientific evidence feeds into policy; and an inability to plan for necessary goods and services, and procure them.'

The signatories include leading professors in virology, public health and epidemiology (the study of diseases in different groups of people) at the country's best universities.

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Among the signatories are ex SAGE scientist, Professor Deenan Pillay (left), a virologist at University College London, and Professor Anthony Costello (right), a former World Health Organization (WHO) director and a global health expert at UCL

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The editors of two prestigious medical journals have also put their name to the letter – Richard Horton of the Lancet (left) and Fiona Godlee of the British Medical Journal (right)

They said the death rate in the UK has been high despite 'strenuous efforts by health professionals and scientists inside and outside government … with the poor and certain minority ethnic groups affected especially badly'.

Office for National Statistics reports have shown the poorest in society are twice as likely to die from Covid-19 as the richest.

And Black, Asian and Minority Ethic (BAME) groups are also disproportionately affected by the disease.

The UK Government has not yet committed to a public inquiry into the pandemic in Britain, but Cabinet ministers have admitted there will be 'lessons to be learned' when it's over.

But the experts in today's letter make it clear an investigation is needed immediately because the virus is threatening to spiral back out of control already, just a week after lockdown was eased slightly.

Estimates by Public Health England and Cambridge University suggest the R-rate - the average number of people each Covid-19 patient infects - is above the danger level of one in the North West and South West of England. It must stay below one or Britain will face another crisis.

The PHE/Cambridge team - whose model is based on death data from NHS England and regional health officials, antibody surveillance sampling and mobility reports - calculated that the crucial 'R' reproduction rate fell to just 0.4 in the capital in the aftermath of the lockdown being introduced.

However, the rate in London - as well as other regions - slowly began to creep up to between 0.7-0.8 before moving closer to one in the past few weeks.

At the beginning of the outbreak London was the worst affected region but the latest numbers suggest it is now ahead of all but one region in terms of recovery.

The data, published by the university, shows London is recording 1,310 cases each day - behind only the South West (778).

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Sir Jeremy Farrar, director of the Wellcome Trust and Sage member (left), and Professor John Edmunds (right), an epidemiologist and Sage advisor, criticised the Government for taking risks with people's lives by unlocking the country last week

In contrast, the North West of England is recording 4,100 daily infections and has an R rate of 1.01, the highest for any region in the country.

The South West also has an estimated R rate of 1. While the North East and Yorkshire is the only area to still be in the 0.8s.

It comes after four Sage experts warned that relaxing lockdown restrictions at this time risked the R spiralling out of control and causing a second epidemic.

Professor John Edmunds, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and a member of Sage, said he would have preferred to see the R brought down much lower before opening back up. 

Sir Jeremy Farrar, director of the Wellcome Trust and a member of Sage, said on Twitter that Covid-19 is 'spreading too fast to lift lockdown in England' and NHS test and trace 'has to be fully working and infection rates have to be lower'.

Professor Peter Horby, from Oxford University, who sits on Sage and chairs its NERVTAG subcommittee, agreed, saying the R number was still close to one.

He told the BBC last week: 'What I would say is that returning to a situation where we lost control again is far worse than another week or two of social measures,' he said.

A fourth Sage member, Professor Calum Semple, said a 'brave' political decision had been made, which did not align with the science. 

He told the BBC: 'Essentially we're lifting the lid on a boiling pan and it's just going to bubble over,' he said. 'We need to get it down to simmer before we take the lift off, and it's too early.' 

Fears of a second wave of coronavirus were raised yesterday when Iran has become the first country in the world to report a second epidemic. 

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Iran has reported a second wave of coronavirus infections as its daily case total hit a record high on Wednesday as lockdown eased - having previously been falling

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Officials have put the 'second wave' down to increased testing, and point to the fact that deaths have not followed suit (pictured) as evidence. Deaths often lag behind cases, because of the time it takes an infected person to get sick enough to die

The Middle Eastern nation logged a record 3,574 cases of the virus on Wednesday, beating its previous worst day of 3,186 cases logged on March 30.

Iran began easing its lockdown restrictions - which were imposed in February as the virus ran rampant - in mid-April as the disease declined.

Cases began picking up again in early May and have now been above 3,000 for three days running, even as gyms and public offices were reopened at the weekend.

WHO ARE THE 27 EXPERTS THAT SIGNED THE LETTER? 

1. Dr JS Bamrah, Chairman of the British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin
2. Professor Raj Bhopal, emeritus professor of public health at the Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh
3. Dr Kailash Chand, former deputy chair of the British Medical Association council
4. Professor Anthony Costello, global health expert at University College London; former director, World Health Organization; member of independent Sage committee
5. Professor Majid Ezzati, chair in global environmental health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London 
6. Professor Karl Friston, computational modeller and neuroscientist, University College London, in charge of developing a generative SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered) Covid-19 model; member of independent Sage committee
7. Professor Ruth Gilbert, clinical epidemiologist, University College London
8. Dr Mike Gill, former regional director of public health
9. Sir Ian Gilmore, chairman of the Alcohol Health Alliance
10. Professor Mark S Gilthorpe, professor of statistical epidemiology, University of Leeds; fellow, Alan Turing Institute
11. Dr Fiona Godlee, Editor-in-chief, The BMJ
12. Professor Trisha Greenhalgh, professor of primary care, University of Oxford
13. Dr Katie Harron, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health
14. Richard Horton, Editor-in-chief, the Lancet
15. Professor David McCoy, Queen Mary University of London
16. Professor Nuala McGrath, professor of epidemiology and sexual health, and NIHR global health professor, University of Southampton
17. Professor Martin McKee Professor of European public health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
18. Professor Susan Michie Director, Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London; member of independent Sage committee
19. Dr Miriam Orcutt Senior research fellow, Institute for Global Health, University College London
20. Professor Christina Pagel Mathematician and professor of operational research, University College London; member of independent Sage committee
21. Professor Neil Pearce, professor of epidemiology and biostatistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
22. Professor Deenan Pillay, professor of virology, University College London; former member of Sage ; member of independent Sage committee
23. Professor Allyson Pollock, c-director, Centre for Excellence in Regulatory Science, Newcastle University; member of independent Sage committee
24. Professor Devi Sridhar, pofessor and chair of global public health, University of Edinburgh
25. Professor Helen Ward, professor of public health, Imperial College London
26. Dr Sarah Wollaston, former chair, health and social care select committee; former MP for Totnes, Devon
27. Professor Ilora Finlay, House of Lords